Legality and Legal Order as Social Criteria of Legal Culture of Society: Theoretical Aspect

 The Author proceeds from the fact that in modern political and legal realities, the most important social indicator of the legal culture of society is the state of legality, which contributes to ensuring the legal functioning of state and public institutions, guarantees of the rights and interests of the individual. The aim of the study is to analyze theoretical provisions regarding legality and law and order in the context of designating them as criteria of legal culture - signs on the basis of which it is possible to assess the formation of legal culture at the level of society.
The degree of scientific elaboration of the problems of legality and legal order in the works of Russian and Belarusian jurists of the Soviet and modern periods has been determined. This made it possible to establish the generic commonality of law and order as a basic theoretical setting, which manifests itself in considering them as different sections of the ordering of social relations. Legality is investigated as a principle, method and, at the same time, a mode of state-power activity. The conditions for ensuring the legal order establish the exact and unswerving implementation of legal prescriptions by all subjects of law, which characterizes their legal culture. The theoretical model of the mechanism for ensuring the rule of law and legal order is presented through the characteristics of its social and legal content, subject composition and institutional and functional structure.
The role of legal law and legal principles in ensuring the rule of law and legal order is shown. The subsystems of the institutional and functional structure of the mechanism for ensuring the latter – regulatory, state power, guarantees for the implementation of legal provisions – are analyzed. The  political, legal, organizational and scientific principles of the functioning of  the mechanism for ensuring the legal order are outlined. The following types of legal order are determined: civil, international, state (constitutional). Taken together, all types of legal order are interconnected, which reflects the universality of law as a social regulator, the importance of its principles. This  circumstance determines the legal criteria for the uniformity of legal  regulation of social relations, generally accepted international legal standards in the field of human rights.
The directions of improving the legal culture of society are determined by high-quality rule-making; effective functioning of all government agencies, primarily law enforcement agencies; implementation of social and legal guarantees of legality and legal order.  

1. Antsifirova N. A. Pravovoi poryadok: teoretiko-pravovoi analiz. Avtoref. dis. kand. yurid. nauk [Legal Order: Theoretical and Legal Analysis. Ext. Abstr. Cand. Legal Sci. Dis.]. Krasnodar, 2010. 24 p.

2. Bestuzheva E. V. Sovremennoe sostoyanie i razvitie pravovoi zakonnosti v Rossiiskom gosudarstve. Avtoref. dis. kand. yurid. nauk [The Current State and Development of Legality in the Russian State. Ext. Abstr. Cand. Legal Sci. Dis.]. Nizhny Novgorod, 2008. 35 p.

3. Vissarov A. V. Pravoporyadok i sub”ekty ego obespecheniya (teoretiko-pravovoi aspekt). Avtoref. dis. kand. yurid. nauk [The Rule of Law and the Persons of Its Maintenance (Theoretical-Legal Aspect). Ext. Abstr. Cand. Legal Sci. Dis.]. Moscow, 2003. 23 p.

4. Drobyazko S. G. Printsipy v prave [Principles in Law]. Problemy razvitiya yuridicheskoi nauki i sovershenstvovanie pravoprimenitel’noi praktiki – Problems of Development of Legal Science and Improvement of Law Enforcement Practice. Minsk, BSU Publ., 2005, pp. 27–33.

5. Zaloilo M. V., Pashentsev D. A. Natsional’nyi pravoporyadok Rossii v usloviyakh tsifrovizatsii [National Law and Order of Russia in the Conditions of Digitalization]. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Pravo – Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law, 2019, vol. 10, iss. 2, pp. 196–209. DOI: 10.21638/spbu14.2019.201.

6. Korzhikov O. N. Pravovaya kul’tura sotrudnikov pravookhranitel’nykh organov [Legal Culture of Law Enforcement Officers]. Pravovaya kul’tura – The Legal Culture, 2007, no. 2 (3), pp. 74–79.

7. Mamii M. R. Teoriya i praktika obespecheniya rezhima zakonnosti v sovremennoi Rossii. Avtoref. dis. kand. yurid. nauk [Theory and Practice of Ensuring the Rule of Law in Modern Russia. Ext. Abstr. Cand. Legal Sci. Dis.]. Krasnodar, 2007. 43 p.

8. Nuradinov Sh. M., Chervonyuk V. I., Kurbanov B. M. Konstitutsiya i konstitutsionnaya zakonnost’ [The Constitution and Constitutional Legality]. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta MVD Rossii, 2013, no. 6, pp. 35–39.

9. Polenina S. V. Zakonotvorchestvo v Rossiiskoi Federatsii [Lawmaking in the Russian Federation]. Moscow, Institute of State and Law of The Russian Academy of Sciences Publ., 1996. 146 p.

10. Svinin E. V. Ob”ekt i predmet pravovogo regulirovaniya kak komponenty strukturnoi organizatsii pravoporyadka [Object and Subject of Legal Regulation as Components of the Structural Organization of Law and Order]. Lex Russica, 2020, vol. 73, no. 1 (158), pp. 118–131. DOI: 10.17803/1729-5920.2020.158.1.118-131.

11. Sil’chenko N. V. Zakony pravovye i nepravovye, nravstvennye i amoral’nye [Legal and Non-Legal Acts, Moral and Immoral]. Zakonotvorchestvo. Zakon. Pravovaya sistema. Izbrannye trudy – Lawmaking. Law. Legal System. Selected Works. Minsk, Pravo i ekonomika Publ., 2020, pp. 107–109.

12. Sokolov A., Petrovskaya A. Metodologiya issledovaniya idei pravovogo zakona [Research Methodology of the Idea of Legal Law]. Yustitsiya Belarusi – Justice of Belarus, 2008, no. 8, pp. 41–45.

13. Khesina M. N. Administrativno-pravovoe obespechenie mekhanizma formirovaniya i funktsionirovaniya rezhima zakonnosti i pravoporyadka v Rossiiskoi Federatsii. Avtoref. dis. kand. yurid. nauk [Administrative and Legal Support of the Mechanism for the Formation and Functioning of the Rule of Law and Order in the Russian Federation. Ext. Abstr. Cand. Legal Sci. Dis.]. Moscow, 2005. 23 p.

14. Chernogor N. N., Pashentsev D. A. Pravovoi poryadok: doktrinal’nye podkhody, metody i aktual’nye napravleniya issledovanii [The Legal Order: Doctrinal Approaches, Methods and Current Directions of the Research]. Zhurnal rossiiskogo prava – Journal of Russian Law, 2017, no. 8, pp. 5–16. DOI: 10.12737/article_597714e7d6a893.66790709.

15. Gongalo B., Novikova N. The Influence of Private Law on the Development of the World and Russian Law and Order: Modern Forms and Trends. Herald of The Euro-Asian Law Congress, 2018, iss. 1, pp. 85–99. DOI: 10.34076/2619-0672-2018-1-85-99.

16. Komarova T. The Court of Justice of the European Union and International Legal Order. Russian Law Journal, 2017, no. 5 (3), pp. 140–167. DOI: 10.17589/2309-8678-2017-5-3-140-167.

17. Perevalov V., Modestov S., Sherpaev V. World Law and Order: Problems of Transformation and International Security. Herald of The Euro-Asian Law Congress, 2018, iss. 1, pp. 6–16.